Title |
Flexible navigation response in common cuckoos Cuculus canorus displaced experimentally during migration
|
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Published in |
Scientific Reports, November 2015
|
DOI | 10.1038/srep16402 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mikkel Willemoes, Julio Blas, Martin Wikelski, Kasper Thorup |
Abstract |
Migrating birds follow innate species-specific migration programs capable of guiding them along complex spatio-temporal routes, which may include several separate staging areas. Indeed, migration routes of common cuckoos Cuculus canorus show little variation between individuals; yet, satellite tracks of 11 experimentally displaced adults revealed an unexpected flexibility in individual navigation responses. The birds compensated for the translocation to unfamiliar areas by travelling toward population-specific staging areas, demonstrating true navigation capabilities. Individual responses varied from travelling toward the first stopover in northern Europe to flying toward the Central-African winter grounds, the latter including several stopovers in unfamiliar areas. Apparently, the cuckoos possess spatial knowledge far beyond their population-specific flyway scale, and make individual decisions likely based on an assessment of perceived gain and cost of alternative route options. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 6 | 7% |
Spain | 3 | 4% |
Australia | 3 | 4% |
Finland | 3 | 4% |
Comoros | 2 | 2% |
Japan | 2 | 2% |
Gibraltar | 1 | 1% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 5% |
Unknown | 32 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 68 | 84% |
Scientists | 9 | 11% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 1% |
Sweden | 1 | 1% |
Italy | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 66 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 25% |
Researcher | 13 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 10% |
Student > Master | 7 | 10% |
Other | 2 | 3% |
Other | 6 | 9% |
Unknown | 17 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 40 | 58% |
Environmental Science | 2 | 3% |
Neuroscience | 2 | 3% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 1% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Unknown | 19 | 28% |