| Title |
A bulk sub-femtoliter in vitro compartmentalization system using super-fine electrosprays
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Scientific Reports, May 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1038/srep26257 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Bineet Sharma, Yuzuru Takamura, Tatsuya Shimoda, Manish Biyani |
| Abstract |
The extreme miniaturization of biological and chemical assays in aqueous-droplet compartments enables spatiotemporal control for large-scale parallel experimentation and can thus permit new capabilities for "digitizing" directed molecular evolution methodologies. We report a remarkably facile bulk method to generate mega-scale monodisperse sub-femtoliter aqueous droplets by electrospray, using a prototype head with super-fine inkjet technology. Moreover, the electrostatic inkjet nozzle that injects the aqueous phase when immersed within an immiscible phase (an optimized oil/surfactant mixture) has the advantage of generating cell-like sub-femtoliter compartments for biomolecule encapsulation and successive biological and chemical reactions. Sub-femtoliter droplets of both liquid (water-in-oil, volumes ranging from 0.2 to 6.4 fL) and gel bead (agarose-in-oil, volume ranging from 0.3 to 15.6 fL) compartments with average sizes of 1.3 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively, were successfully generated using an inkjet nozzle at a speed of more than 10(5) droplets per second. We demonstrated the applicability of this system by synthesizing fluorescent proteins using a cell-free expression system inside electrosprayed sub-femtoliter droplets at an accelerated rate, thereby extending the utility of in vitro compartmentalization with improved analytical performance for a top-down artificial cellular system. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 47 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 46 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 8 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 7 | 15% |
| Professor | 5 | 11% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 3 | 6% |
| Other | 11 | 23% |
| Unknown | 9 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Engineering | 9 | 19% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 13% |
| Materials Science | 4 | 9% |
| Chemical Engineering | 3 | 6% |
| Other | 8 | 17% |
| Unknown | 11 | 23% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 May 2023.
All research outputs
#7,596,171
of 23,806,312 outputs
Outputs from Scientific Reports
#51,512
of 128,553 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#116,616
of 336,120 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Scientific Reports
#1,346
of 3,419 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,806,312 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 67th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 128,553 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 18.5. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 58% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 336,120 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 64% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 3,419 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 59% of its contemporaries.