Title |
Highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells grown on flexible polymer films
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Published in |
Nature Materials, September 2011
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DOI | 10.1038/nmat3122 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Adrian Chirilă, Stephan Buecheler, Fabian Pianezzi, Patrick Bloesch, Christina Gretener, Alexander R. Uhl, Carolin Fella, Lukas Kranz, Julian Perrenoud, Sieghard Seyrling, Rajneesh Verma, Shiro Nishiwaki, Yaroslav E. Romanyuk, Gerhard Bilger, Ayodhya N. Tiwari |
Abstract |
Solar cells based on polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) absorber layers have yielded the highest conversion efficiency among all thin-film technologies, and the use of flexible polymer films as substrates offers several advantages in lowering manufacturing costs. However, given that conversion efficiency is crucial for cost-competitiveness, it is necessary to develop devices on flexible substrates that perform as well as those obtained on rigid substrates. Such comparable performance has not previously been achieved, primarily because polymer films require much lower substrate temperatures during absorber deposition, generally resulting in much lower efficiencies. Here we identify a strong composition gradient in the absorber layer as the main reason for inferior performance and show that, by adjusting it appropriately, very high efficiencies can be obtained. This implies that future manufacturing of highly efficient flexible solar cells could lower the cost of solar electricity and thus become a significant branch of the photovoltaic industry. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 7 | 1% |
Canada | 4 | <1% |
Japan | 3 | <1% |
Germany | 3 | <1% |
France | 3 | <1% |
Korea, Republic of | 2 | <1% |
India | 2 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Turkey | 1 | <1% |
Other | 8 | 1% |
Unknown | 622 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 233 | 35% |
Researcher | 107 | 16% |
Student > Master | 89 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 38 | 6% |
Student > Bachelor | 31 | 5% |
Other | 81 | 12% |
Unknown | 78 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Materials Science | 166 | 25% |
Engineering | 128 | 19% |
Physics and Astronomy | 124 | 19% |
Chemistry | 65 | 10% |
Energy | 23 | 4% |
Other | 45 | 7% |
Unknown | 106 | 16% |