Title |
Direct synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide by hydrogenation in acidic media
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Communications, June 2014
|
DOI | 10.1038/ncomms5017 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Séverine Moret, Paul J. Dyson, Gábor Laurenczy |
Abstract |
The chemical transformation of carbon dioxide into useful products becomes increasingly important as CO2 levels in the atmosphere continue to rise as a consequence of human activities. In this article we describe the direct hydrogenation of CO2 into formic acid using a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst, in aqueous solution and in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), without any additives. In water, at 40 °C, 0.2 M formic acid can be obtained under 200 bar, however, in DMSO the same catalyst affords 1.9 M formic acid. In both solvents the catalysts can be reused multiple times without a decrease in activity. Worldwide demand for formic acid continues to grow, especially in the context of a renewable energy hydrogen carrier, and its production from CO2 without base, via the direct catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation, is considerably more sustainable than the existing routes. |
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Geographical breakdown
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France | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 595 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 152 | 25% |
Researcher | 78 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 76 | 13% |
Student > Master | 74 | 12% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 23 | 4% |
Other | 62 | 10% |
Unknown | 140 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Chemistry | 238 | 39% |
Chemical Engineering | 66 | 11% |
Engineering | 47 | 8% |
Materials Science | 16 | 3% |
Energy | 13 | 2% |
Other | 58 | 10% |
Unknown | 167 | 28% |