Title |
Wafer-scale two-dimensional semiconductors from printed oxide skin of liquid metals
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Published in |
Nature Communications, February 2017
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DOI | 10.1038/ncomms14482 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Benjamin J. Carey, Jian Zhen Ou, Rhiannon M. Clark, Kyle J. Berean, Ali Zavabeti, Anthony S. R. Chesman, Salvy P. Russo, Desmond W. M. Lau, Zai-Quan Xu, Qiaoliang Bao, Omid Kavehei, Brant C. Gibson, Michael D. Dickey, Richard B. Kaner, Torben Daeneke, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh |
Abstract |
A variety of deposition methods for two-dimensional crystals have been demonstrated; however, their wafer-scale deposition remains a challenge. Here we introduce a technique for depositing and patterning of wafer-scale two-dimensional metal chalcogenide compounds by transforming the native interfacial metal oxide layer of low melting point metal precursors (group III and IV) in liquid form. In an oxygen-containing atmosphere, these metals establish an atomically thin oxide layer in a self-limiting reaction. The layer increases the wettability of the liquid metal placed on oxygen-terminated substrates, leaving the thin oxide layer behind. In the case of liquid gallium, the oxide skin attaches exclusively to a substrate and is then sulfurized via a relatively low temperature process. By controlling the surface chemistry of the substrate, we produce large area two-dimensional semiconducting GaS of unit cell thickness (∼1.5 nm). The presented deposition and patterning method offers great commercial potential for wafer-scale processes. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Australia | 2 | 22% |
Switzerland | 1 | 11% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 11% |
Germany | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 4 | 44% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 7 | 78% |
Scientists | 1 | 11% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 201 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 52 | 26% |
Researcher | 23 | 11% |
Student > Master | 20 | 10% |
Professor | 12 | 6% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 6% |
Other | 28 | 14% |
Unknown | 56 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Materials Science | 44 | 22% |
Engineering | 33 | 16% |
Chemistry | 22 | 11% |
Physics and Astronomy | 17 | 8% |
Chemical Engineering | 11 | 5% |
Other | 7 | 3% |
Unknown | 69 | 34% |